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California's K-12 education system has experienced funding instability, with revenues per pupil fluctuating and staying constant for years. The education system is attempting a major program of quality improvements while keeping funding constant, a challenge that may be difficult to maintain in the future. The state gives K-12 education a lower priority than most other states when state revenues are tight. The state needs an additional $7.2 billion in the next five years to maintain the current level of real resources per pupil.
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This study investigates low participation in the Minimum Teacher Salary provision of SB 813, which had previously been reported by the Legislative Analyst. Only a small percentage of funds were claimed for 1983-84 and 1984-85. Researchers surveyed 48 districts in CA, showing a potential mean beginning salary of over $19K by 1985-86. The concern about underparticipation may be unfounded, as a large percentage of districts will participate, while those that do not have reasons. Large districts participate more than small and medium sized ones, and participation in rural areas is increasing.
Vocational Education in California Public Secondary Schools
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California invests heavily in high school vocational education, but it does not effectively prepare students for the labor market. To improve outcomes, vocational education should teach problem-solving and teamwork, integrate with academics, and focus on continual learning. ROC/ROPs should continue to provide job skills training, but prioritize competence over job placement in evaluation.
California Teachers' Opinions on Working Conditions and Reform Proposals
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This report resulted from an opinion survey of California teachers conducted in spring 1985. Surveys were mailed to 1,100 California classroom teachers reflecting a true cross section of all California teachers. More than 70% of those surveyed returned completed questionnaires. This unusually high rate of return, plus the representative nature of the survey sample, make it possible to generalize survey conclusions to California teachers as a whole.
Waivers and School-Based Program Coordination Under AB 777
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California's waiver authority provides school districts relief from Education Code, allowing them to seek alternatives to state requirements subject to local and state review. Waivers are automatically approved unless denied by the State Board of Education, which rarely happens over local objections. Program waivers are rare despite clamor for needed flexibility, possibly due to districts being unaware of the process, viewing it as time-consuming, or using suboptimal local procedures. Oversight hearings are recommended to explore the potential of the waiver process.
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This technical report provides an overview of California's educational system, intended for educators, public officials, journalists, and informed citizens. With over four million students and a $17 billion annual cost, the state's school system is vast and complex. The report offers comparisons of California's education system to itself in prior years and other states, revealing patterns of change and suggesting future trends. These trends serve as a guide for the many facts and figures presented in the report.

1982–83 to 1984–85
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This study examines curricular changes in California high schools from 1982-85, as educational reforms aimed to enhance academic rigor. Findings show increased offerings in academic subjects like math, science, and advanced placement, and decreased offerings in areas such as industrial arts, home economics, and business education. The data aligns with statewide curricular changes, likely influenced by mandates for more extensive graduation requirements and alterations to university entrance requirements.
New Perspectives for Science Education
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Science education is crucial for the nation's future, but the curriculum needs to be updated to keep pace with scientific advances and changes in society. The classical image of science has changed, and science education must now be taught in a social context with an emphasis on critical thinking and responsible decision-making. Efforts to improve science education need a conceptual framework that justifies the need for change and provides direction. A new vision is required to transform science education and improve scientific and technological literacy.
A Report on Implementation
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Comprehensive school guidance programs attempt to address a range of student needs on personal, social, career, and academic dimensions. Many guidance and counseling programs, however, have suffered cutbacks in recent years even though students continue to be in need of guidance, and students themselves have expressed a desire for assistance.
1985–86 Through 1989–90
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Expenditures for elementary and secondary education in California must rise by about 59 percent between 1983–84 and the end of the decade just to maintain the status quo in terms of real per-student spending. This would amount to a K–12 budget in 1989–90 of $21.9 billion. Yet K–12 revenues are projected to grow by only 50 percent (under one scenario) or by about 72 percent (under another). In other words, unless the revenue structure is significantly altered, projected school revenues through 1990 will be inadequate to maintain the same level of spending per student or will increase at a pace...
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This study examines consolidation's impact on student achievement in California. It finds that consolidation leads to improved educational opportunities and cost savings. Consolidation benefits low-income and minority students and has a greater impact in rural areas. Although drawbacks exist, consolidation can be an effective strategy for enhancing education. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and education leaders seeking to improve student outcomes in their districts.
The Hispanic Population in California
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The impact of school-based management plans on student achievement in California is examined with a focus on Hispanic students. Demographic data on Hispanics in California is reviewed to highlight problems with defining and counting the Hispanic population. School-based management plans can have a positive impact on student achievement, particularly for Hispanic students, but their effectiveness depends on several factors. This report emphasizes the need for careful planning and equitable distribution of resources to support their implementation.
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This report explores the role of accountability in school improvement and its potential drawbacks. While accountability can provide feedback, reorient action, and justify action, it can also lead to gross distortions and may not sufficiently incentivize teachers. The authors argue for a consensual view of the teacher's role and for parsimonious accountability schemes that enhance the quality of life among teachers. They propose design considerations that can improve the effectiveness of testing and controls to enhance the teaching profession.
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The first in a series of annual reports on education in California aims to assess school performance objectively. It summarizes data on demography, academic performance, curriculum, personnel, and finances. Highlighting California's 1983 education reform effort, the report provides a baseline for assessing future reforms, with successive reports addressing the same dimensions. It focuses on K-12 public schools but also includes some data on nonpublic and postsecondary education.