The PACE report commissioned by the University of California aims to enhance university participation by disadvantaged and underrepresented students. It reviews evaluations of current outreach programs, identifies effective practices, and makes recommendations for program improvement and evaluation methods. The report analyzes the effectiveness of college preparation programs and suggests essential principles for program design. It also examines how to improve evaluations of outreach programs and the implications for policy decisions on future outreach efforts.

An investigation of the family factors and practices that influence parents' choice of center-based programs for young children. Maternal education, child's age, and availability of social support were found to be significant factors in center selection. African-American families were more likely to choose center-based care than white or Latino families, and parental practices related to early literacy development and close supervision also affected center selection. The study highlights the importance of considering selection processes when assessing the effects of early childhood programs.

I apologize, let me try to summarize the article more concisely. The article discusses the California Learning Assessment System (CLAS), which aimed to align the state's testing system with the content of what was taught in schools and better measure student performance through performance-based standards and assessments. However, CLAS faced opposition from various groups and was ultimately discontinued. The case offers lessons for reformers about the politics of testing policy in the US and the difficulties of large-scale transformation of state assessment systems.

The 1975 Rodda Act, also known as the Education Employment Relations Act, allowed California public school teachers to collectively bargain for employment terms. Similar laws exist in 37 states based on the National Labor Relations Act. This paper advocates for transforming education labor relations to position teachers and unions as leaders in creating a 21st century education institution. The authors hope to inform discussions on improving education quality for California's 5.2 million public school students.

Phase III of the California Cares report sought to analyze preliminary recommendations and involve the childcare and development community to redesign policies. Work groups and field representatives discussed proposals for improving services, with over 80 contributors. The project studied nine critical policy restructuring questions and Part Two of the report includes reports from eight tasks and summary information.

Phase III of the California Cares report aimed to redesign childcare and development policy, with input from the community and representatives from three agencies. Work groups and traditional research projects were conducted to study nine questions deemed critical to policy restructuring. Part II of the report includes working papers for all tasks except state governance, which is included in Phase III.

This baseline analysis examines the projected need for teachers in California based on student enrollment projections, expected rates of new teachers and teacher retirements. However, it does not take into account recent policy changes such as the budget's call for reductions in class size or the proposed changes to teacher credentialing requirements. These changes will impact the need for teachers in California. The analysis shows regional teacher shortages, which are expected to persist despite the new policies.

The California Learning Assessment System (CLAS) was created in 1991 to replace its predecessor and align California's testing system with state curricular frameworks, measure attainment of content through performance-based assessment, and provide individual student assessment. However, objections from various groups led to its discontinuation. CLAS serves as an example of the difficulties in implementing authentic forms of assessment and the politics involved in testing policy reform in the United States.

A 1996 statewide poll by PACE surveyed Californians on their views and expectations for public schools, informing policy discussions. Results revealed four broad themes and their relevance to ongoing education policy discussions, such as redesigning statewide assessments, reforming traditional school governance, providing public funds for private schools, and complex issues of local control. PACE believes public perceptions should be considered in policy discussions, although education policy should not be solely based on public opinion polls.

The education productivity problem is rising resources but only modestly rising student achievement. Current education reform aims to produce higher student achievement with stable resources. Low student performance may be due to declining social and economic conditions, lack of hard work by students, and lack of parental support. However, research focuses on what schools can do to improve productivity by controlling and improving student achievement. Both education programs and finance structures need to be restructured to accomplish productivity challenges.

Intergovernmental relations in education policy are dominated by regulations, programs, and technical assistance. A metaphor called "ecology of games" captures how each level of government maximizes its influence, affecting state and local policy-making. Classroom practice is limitedly influenced by intergovernmental policy, as local demands, taxes, and needs also play a role. State policies are easier to influence administrators than to change teaching. Each level of government tries to maximize its sphere of influence.

The 1995-96 California state budget increased K-12 education funding by $1 billion, but the additional funds were meant to be used for non-recurring expenses like deferred maintenance and facility upgrades. Lottery revenues were also intended for non-recurring expenses, but schools have come to rely on them for their core instructional program, despite decreasing revenues. This paper reviews the history of the California State Lottery as a funding source for schools and how non-recurring costs are interpreted in a system with shortfalls in core programs.

New curriculum manuals have been created to address the expanding field of school-age childcare, including Kids' Time: A School-Age Care Program Guide. Other widely-recognized materials include Just Kids, Preparing for Mass Disasters, and A Guide for Training and Recruiting Child Care Providers to Serve Young Children with Disabilities. The benefits of childcare include fully-employed parents, self-sufficient families, and children who succeed in school due to the aid of childcare programs. Reducing Exceptional Stress and Trauma, a guide on coping with violence, will be published this year.

The California Cares Project, conducted by PACE for the California Department of Education, Social Services & Office of Child Development & Education, culminates in this report. The project was initiated in response to AB 2184, which sought to consolidate all childcare and development programs to streamline the system. The report is divided into two parts: Part I analyzes current obstacles to a seamless system and Part II presents a conceptual model and decision procedure for program and funding allocation and governance. Phase III will refine recommendations and work towards implementation.

This report is part of the Poverty and Race Research Action Council's state data reconnaissance project, which aims to provide a guide to education data available in California for researchers and policymakers. PACE gathered the education data, which is presented in a catalogue of raw data sets and published reports from state, federal, and non-governmental agencies, along with a matrix showing which data are collected by which sources. Appendices provide more detail on specific data sets.

The California Department of Education, Social Services, and Governor's Office of Child Development and Education selected PACE to analyze issues and options for improving California's childcare system. PACE will produce a report with optional approaches for improving access, quality, and funding of childcare services, including alternative systems and policy models. Phase I includes analysis of childcare issues and programs, literature reviews, and experiences of other urban states. This report summarizes Phase I's work.

This is the ninth edition of Conditions of Education in California. In this volume, PACE has compiled information on current critical issues in state education policy and presented them within the context of major policy developments. "Evolving Context" introduces the current issues in the state and sets the stage for the remaining chapters, which are Assessment and Achievement, Finance, Teachers and Teaching, Integrated Children's Services, Child Care and Development Services, and School-to-Work.

In 1990, PACE issued a plan for CA schools, addressing the challenges of explosive growth, increasing diversity, and lagging student achievement. Five years later, PACE has revised the plan to include measurable statewide education goals, a new student assessment system, teacher education reforms, and the goal of English proficiency for all students. Other recommendations include school finance reform, coordination between schools and social services, evaluation of local reform efforts, experiments to improve student achievement, and linking school-to-career policy with education reform.

The California Task Force on the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards, consisting of educators, administrators, parents, and officials, deliberated for eight months on how a national voluntary certification system can impact California's education landscape. They explored questions on the standards, assessment methods, incentives, and potential benefits for teachers, students, and communities. The report aims to start a dialogue and encourage continued improvement in California's schools.

The National Science Foundation granted MIT's Jerold Zacharias in 1956 to develop a real science physics curriculum for high school students. By the 1970s, curricula were developed in various sciences, but each independently with differences in development, planning, and concepts. Despite the $117 million cost, adoption rates peaked and momentum for further curricula development waned. Lessons can be drawn from this experience to inform national standards today.

The research base for understanding and prescribing policy for school boards is limited due to the large number of boards and members. Common school boards, especially those of small districts, are less researched. To address this, overall trends affecting most boards should be analyzed to determine the need for and direction of school board reform. Waiting for representative data on all boards will delay improvements to policy making. Major changes in school board roles, functions, and operations are necessary due to the interaction of these trends.

PACE's Conditions of Education in California 1992-93 volume is the eighth edition and marks PACE's tenth anniversary. The report provides neutral, objective, analytic data on California's education system, analyzing data on enrollment trends, student achievement, fiscal conditions, human resources, education governance, and the politics of education. The report includes a chapter on education reform, an opinion poll on Californians' perceptions of the education system, and critical data on enrollment and fiscal trends, student achievement, and school governance.

This PACE paper provides information regarding the number and types of private schools in California, as well as their enrollments, size, and geographic distribution. It also summarizes current state regulations for private schools and highlights areas in which information gaps exist. Finally, the paper suggests possible ways in which existing private schools might expand or new private schools might enter the marketplace.

General Summary #2660 – California/Minor – 9/93

PACE conducted a poll of over 1,400 Californians to understand public opinion on education and school vouchers. The poll explored what Californians want in their schools, attitudes towards vouchers and trade-offs, and satisfaction with public and private schools. The study analyzed differences among Californians by race, socio-economic status, religion, region, and more. Conducted by Penn & Schoen Associates, the poll provides a snapshot of public opinion to aid voters, parents, educators, and policymakers in understanding potential new directions for improving education.